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History Of India

 


History and Civilisation


 

2700 BC Harappa Civilisation
1000 BC Aryans expand into the Ganga valley 
900 BC Mahabharata War 
800 BC Aryans expand into Bengal; Beginning of the Epic Age: Mahabharata composed, first version of Ramayana 
550 BC Composition of the Upanishads 
544 BC Buddha's Nirvana 
327 BC Alexander's Invasion
325 BC Alexander marches ahead 
324 BC Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleacus Nicator 
322 BC Rise of the Mauryas; Chandragupta establishes first Indian Empire 
298 BC Bindusara Coronated 
272 BC Ashoka begins reign ; Exclusive Interview with Ashoka 
180 BC Fall of the Mauryas ; Rise of the Sungas 
145 BC Chola king Erata conquers Ceylon 
58 BC Epoch of the Krita-Malava-Vikram Era 
30 BC Rise of the Satvahana Dynasty in the Deccan 
40 AD Sakas in power in Indus Valley and Western India 
50 AD The Kushans and Kanishkas 
78 AD Saka Era begins 
320 AD Chandragupta I establishes the Gupta dynasty
360 AD Samudragupta conquers the North and most of the Deccan 
380 AD Chandragupta II comes to power; Golden Age of Gupta Literary Renaissance 
405 AD Fa-hein begins his travels through the Gupta Empire 
415 AD Accession of Kumara Gupta I 
467 AD Skanda Gupta assumes power 
476 AD Birth of astronomer Aryabhatta 
606 AD Accession of Harshavardhan Gupta 
622 AD Era of the Hejira begins 
711 AD Invasion of Sind by Muhammad Bin Qasim 
892 AD Rise of the Eastern Chalukyas 
985 AD The Chola Dynasty: Accession of Rajaraja, the Great 
1001 AD Defeat of Jaipal by Sultan Mahumd 
1026 Mahmud Ghazni sacks Somnath Temple 
1191 Prithviraj Chauhan routs Muhammad Ghori: the first battle of Tarain
1192 Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan: the second battle of Tarain 
1206 Qutbuddin establishes the Slave Dynasty 
1221 Mongol invasion under Genghis Khan 
1232 Foundation of the Qutub Minar 
1288 Marco Polo visits India 
1290 Jalaludin Firuz Khalji establishes the Khalji dynasty 
1320 Ghiyasuddin Tughluk founds the Tughluk dynasty 
1325 Accession of Muhammad-bin-Tughluk 
1336 Foundation of Vijayanagar (Deccan) 
1398 Timur invades India 
1424 Rise of the Bahmani dynasty (Deccan) 
1451 The Lodi dynasty established in Delhi 
1489 Adil Shah dynasty at Bijapur 
1490 Nizam Shahi dynasty at Ahmednagar 
1498 First voyage of Vasco da gama 
1510 Portuguese capture Goa 
1518 Kutub Shahi dynasty at Golconda 
1526 Establishment of the Mughul Dynasty; First Battle of Panipat: Babur defeats Lodis 
1526-1530 Reign of Babur 
1530 Humayun succeeds Babur
1538 Death of Guru Nanak 
1539 Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan and becomes Emperor of Delhi 
1555 Humayun recovers the throne of Delhi 
1556 Death of Humayun; Accession of Akbar Interview with Akbar
1564 Akbar abolishes poll tax on Hindus 
1565 Battle of Talikota: Muslim rulers in Deccan defeats and destroys Vijaynagar Empire 
1568 Fall of Chittor 
1571 Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar 
1572 Akbar annexes Gujarat 
1573 Surat surrenders to Akbar 
1575 Battle of Tukaroi 
1576 Battle of Haldighat: Akbar defeats Rana Pratap; 
Subjugation of Bengal 
1577 Akbar troops invade Khandesh 
1580 Accession of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in Bengal; Rebellion in Bihar and Bengal 
1581 Akbar's march against Muhammad Hakim and reconciliation with him 
1582 Divine Faith promulagated 
1586 Annexation of Kashmir 
1591 Mughul conquest of Sind 
1592 Annexation of Orissa 
1595 Siege of Ahmednagar; Annexation of Baluchistan 
1597 Akbar completes his conquests 
1600 Charter to the English East India Company 
1602 Formation of the United East India Company of Netherlands 
1605 Death of Akbar and Accession of Jahangir 
1606 Rebellion of Khusrav; Execution of the Fifth Sikh Guru, Arjan 
1607 Sher Afghan first, husband of Nur Jahan, killed 
1608 Malik Ambar takes Ahmednagar 
1609 The Dutch open a factory at Pulicat 
1611 The English establish a factory at Masulipatnam 
1612 The Mughul Governor of Bengal defeats the rebellious Afghans; Mughuls annex Kuch Hajo 
1615 Submission of Mewar to the Mughuls; Arrival of Sir Thomas Roe in India 
1616 The Dutch establish a factory at Surat 
1620 Capture of Kangra Fort; Malik Ambar revolts in the Deccan 
1622 Shah Abbas of Persia beseiges and takes Qandahar 
1623 Shah Jahan revolts against Jahangir 
1624 Suppression of Shah Jahan's rebellion 
1626 Rebellion of Mahabat Khan 
1627 Death of Jahangir; Accession of Shah Jahan 
1628 Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor 
1631 Death of Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal; The construction of Taj Mahal 
1632 Mughul invasion of Bijapur; Grant of the "Golden Firman" o the English Company by the Sultan of Golkunda 
1633 End of Ahmednagar Dynasty 
1636 Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of Deccan 
1639 Foundation of Fort St. George at Madras by the English 
1646 Shivaji captures Torna 
1656 The Mughuls attack Hyderabad and Golkunda; Annexation of Javli by Shivaji 
1657 Invasion of Bijapur by Aurangzeb; Aurangzeb captures Bidar and Kalyani 
1658 Coronation of Aurangzeb 
1659 Battles of Khajwah and Deorai 
1661 Cession of Bombay to the English; Mughul capture of Cooch Bihar 
1664 Shivaji sacks Surat and assumes royal title 
1666 Death of Shah Jahan; Shivaji's visit to Agra and escape 
1674 Shivaji assumes the title of Chhatrapati 
1678 Marwar occupied by the Mughuls 
1680 Death of Shivaji; Rebellion of Prince Akbar 
1686 English war with the Mughuls; Fall of Bijapur 
1689 Execution of Sambhaji 
1690 Peace between the Mughuls and the English 
1691 Aurangzeb at the zenith of his power 
1698 The new English company trading to the East Indies 
1699 First Maratha raid on Malwa 
1700 Death of Rajaram and regency of his widow Tara Bai 
1702 Amalgamation of English and the London East India Companies 
1707 Death of Aurangzeb; Battle of Jajau 
1714 Husain Ali appointed Viceroy of the Deccan; The treaty of the Marathas with Husain Ali 
1720 Accession of Baji Rao Peshwa at Poona 
1739 Nadir Shah conquers Delhi; The Marathas capture Salsette and Bassein 
1740 Accession of Balaji Rao Peshwa; The Marathas invade Arcot 
1742 Marathas invade Bengal 
1748 First Anglo-French war 
1750 War of the Deccan and Carnatic Succession; Death of Nasir Jang 
1751 Treaty of Alivadi with the Marathas 
1756 Siraj-ud-daulah captures Calcutta 
1757 Battle of Plassey: The British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah 
1760 Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French 
1761 Third battle of Panipat: Ahmed Shah Abdali defeats the Marathas; Accession of Madhava Rao Peshwa; Rise of Hyder Ali 
1764 Battle of Buxar: The British defeat Mir Kasim 
1765 The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa 
1767-1769 First Mysore War: The British conclude a humiliating peace pact with Hyder Ali 
1772 Death of Madhava Rao Peshwa; Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal 
1773 The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament 
1774 Warren Hastings appointed as Governor-General 
1775-1782 The First Anglo-Maratha war 
1780-1784 Second Mysore War : The British defeat Hyder Ali 
1784 Pitt's India Act 
1790-1792 Third Mysore War between the British and Tipu 
1793 Permanent Settlement of Bengal 
1794 Death of Mahadaji Sindhia 
1799 Fourth Mysore War: The British defeat Tipu; Death of Tipu; Partition of Mysore 
1802 Treaty of Bassein 
1803-1805 The Second Anglo-Maratha war: The British defeat the Marathas at Assaye: Treaty of Amritsar 
1814-1816 The Anglo-Gurkha war 
1817-1818 The Pindari war 
1817-1819 The last Anglo-Maratha war: Marathas finally crushed by the British 
1824-1826 The First Burmese war 
1829 Prohibition of Sati 
1829-1837 Suppression of Thuggee 
1831 Raja of Mysore deposed and its administration taken over by East India Company 
1833 Renewal of Company's Charter; Abolition of company's trading rights 
1835 Education Resolution 
1838 Tripartite treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the British 
1839-1842 First Afghan war 
1843 Gwalior war 
1845-1846 First Anglo-Sikh war 
1848 Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General 
1848-1849 Second Anglo-Sikh war : (Rise of Sikh Power) British annex Punjab as Sikhs are defeated 
1852 Second Anglo-Burmese war 
1853 Railway opened from Bombay to Thane; Telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra 
1857 First War of Indian Independence: The Sepoy Mutiny 
1858 British Crown takes over the Indian Government 
1861 Indian Councils Act; Indian High Courts Act; Introduction of the Penal Code 
1868 Punjab Tenancy Act; Railway opened from Ambala to Delhi 
1874 The Bihar Famine 
1877 Delhi Durbar: The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India 
1878 Vernacular Press Act 
1881 Factory Act; Rendition of Mysore 
1885 First meeting of the Indian National Congress; Bengal Tenancy Act 
1891 Indian Factory Act 
1892 Indian Councils Act to regulate Indian administration 
1897 Plague in Bombay; Famine Commission 
1899 Lord Curzon becomes Governor-General and Viceroy 
1905 The First Partition of Bengal 
1906 Formation of Muslim League; Congress declaration regarding Swaraj 
1908 Newspaper Act 
1911 Delhi Durbar; Partition of Bengal modified to create the Presidency of Bengal 
1912 The Imperial capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi 
1913 Educational Resolution of the Government of India 
1915 Defence of India Act 
1916 Home Rule League founded; Foundation of Women's University at Poona 
1919 Rowlatt Act evokes protests; Jalianwalla Bagh massacre; The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms offer limited autonomy 
1920 The Khilafat Movement started; Mahatma Gandhi leads the Congress; Non-co-operation Movement 
1921 Moplah (Muslim) rebellion in Malabar; Census of India 
1922 Civil Disobedience Movement; Chauri-Chaura violence leads to Gandhi suspending movement 
1923 Swarajists in Indian Councils; Certification of Salt Tax; Hindu-Muslim riots 
1925 Reforms Enquiry committee Report 
1926 Royal Commission on Agriculture; Factories Act 
1927 Indian Navy Act; Simon Commission Appointed 
1928 Simon Commission comes to India: Boycott by all parties; All Parties Conference 
1929 Lord Irwin promises Dominion Status for India; Trade Union split; Jawaharlal Nehru hoists the National Flag at Lahore 
1930 Civil Disobedience movement continues; Salt Satyagraha: Gandhiji's Dandi March; First Round Table Conference 
1931 Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact; Census of India 
1932 Suppression of the Congress movement; Third Round Table Conference; The Communal Award; Poona Pact 
1933 Publication of White Paper on Indian reforms 
1934 Civil Disobedience Movement called off; Bihar Earthquake 
1935 Government of India Act 
1937 Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy; Congress ministries formed in a majority of Indian provinces 
1939 Political deadlock in India as Congress ministries resign 
1942 Cripps Mission to India; Congress adopts Quit India Resolution; Congress leaders arrested; Subhash Chandra Bose forms Indian National Army 
1944 Gandhi-Jinnah Talks break down on Pakistan issue 
1945 First trial of the Indian Army men opened 
1946 Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy; Cabinet Mission's plan announced; Muslim League decides to participate in the Interim Government; Interim Government formed; Constituent Assembly's first meeting 
3 June 1947 Announcement of Lord Mountbatten's plan for partition of India 
15 Aug 1947 Partition of India and Independence 
15 Aug 1947 India obtains Independence from the British; Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Indian Prime Minister 
Oct 1947 Maharaja of Kashmir accedes to Indian Sovereignty 
Nov 1947 John Mathai presents the First Railway Budget 
Jan 1948 Reserve Bank of India Nationalised 
30 Jan 1948 Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in New Delhi 
Sep 1948 Troops of Government of India enter Hyderabad state 
Nov 1948 B.R.Ambedkar presents first Draft Constitution to Constituent Assembly 
1 Jan 1949 United Nations monitored cease fire takes effect in Kashmir 
Sep 1949 Rupee devalued by approximately 31 percent 
26 Nov 1949 New Constitution of India adopted and signed 
26 Jan 1950 Constitution of India comes into force 
March 1950 Planning Commission set up 
July 1951 First Five year plan set in motion 
25 Oct'51- 21 Feb'52 First General Election 
1952 Atomic Energy establishment set up in Bombay; Chandernagar incorporated with India 
1953 Private Airlines are Nationalised; Chandigarh inaugurated as Capital of Punjab 
29 Dec 1953 The States Reorganisation Commission 
April 1954 India concludes treaty with China 
July 1954 Nehru inaugurates Bhakhra Dam 
December 1954 Imperial Bank renamed as State Bank of India 
1955 Chinese troops enter India's Garhwal district in Uttar Pradesh 
18 May 1955 Hindu marriage Act is amended 
1 June 1955 Untouchability Act comes into force 
1956 Second Five year Plan 
Jan 1956 Nationalisation of Insurance Companies 
17 June 1956 Hindu Succession Act 
Feb 24- June 9 1957 Second General Election held 
Sep 1957 Wealth Tax Bill passed 
Feb 1958 Finance Minister T.T.Krishnamachari resigns following Mundhra LIC share scandal 
1959 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation set up; Television transmission introduced in New Delhi; Indo-Portuguese dispute 
March 1959 Dalai Lama flees from Tibet to India 
Oct 1959 Military confrontation with China in Aksai Chin 
19 April 1960 Meeting of Afro-Asian Conference at New Delhi 
1960 Bombay Presidency bifurcated into Maharashtra and Gujarat states 
21 Jan 1961 Arrival of Queen Elizabeth at New Delhi 
19 Dec 1961 Liberation of Goa 
Feb 16- June 6 1962 Third General election 
Oct 1962 Indo-China war 
Jan 1963 Gold Control Order comes into force 
10 Aug 1963 The Kamraj Plan 
27 May 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru dies 
09 June 1964 Lal Bahadur Shastri becomes Prime Minister 
July 1964 UTI and IDBI set up 
April 1965 Pakistan tanks penetrate India 
30 June 1965 Ceasefire agreed under UN auspices 
1 Sep 1965 Indo-Pak war 
4-10 Jan 1966 Tashkent Conference between Pakistan and Indian leaders 
11 Jan 1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri dies 
24 Jan 1966 Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister 
June 1966 Rupee devalued by 36 percent 
15-28 Feb 1967 Fourth General Election 
June 1969 Forward trading in shares banned 
16 July 1969 Morarji Desai resigns from cabinet 
19 July 1969 Fourteen Banks nationalised 
12 Nov 1969 Indira Gandhi expelled from Congress party for indiscipline 
Feb 1970 Supreme court holds nationalisation of banks illegal 
April 1970 Privy Purses and special privileges of former Indian rulers abolished 
11 May 1970 A bill for setting up of "North Eastern Council" passed 
1-13 March 1971 Fifth General Election 
April 1971 General Insurance nationalised 
May 1971 Wealth Tax doubled to 8 percent of Net Income 
Dec 1971 India-Pakistan War; Formation of Bangladesh 
1972 Pakistan and India sign Simla Accord ; Monsoon failure causes drought 
1973 Coal mines nationalised; Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) passed 
18 May 1974 Underground nuclear explosion at Pokhran 
May 1974 Jaiprakash Narayan starts Citizens for Democracy Movement 
July 1974 Indira Gandhi imposes 12 percent ceiling on dividends, Stockmarket crashes 
April 1975 Indian satellite Aryabhatta launched from a Soviet cosmodrome 
16 May 1975 Sikkim joins India 
26 June 1975 Emergency declared 
July 1975 Indira Gandhi announces 20-point economic programme 
Jan 1976 Private Oil companies nationalised 
Feb 1976 Urban Land Ceiling Regulation Act passed 
Nov 1976 Lok Sabha passes 42nd Constitution Amendment Bill 
18 Jan 1977 Opposition politicians released from jail 
16-20 March 1977 Sixth General Election; First Non-Congress Govt, led by Morarji Desai 
Jan 1978 Currency notes in denominations of Rs 1,000, Rs 5,000 and RS 10,000 demonetised 
June 1979 Bhaskara, India's second satellite, launched from a Soviet cosmodrome 
19 June 1979 Morarji Desai resigns after split in Janata Party 
Oct 1979 Operation Flood II launched 
Jan 1980 Seventh General Election; Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister again 
23 June 1980 Sanjay Gandhi, younger son of Indira Gandhi, dies in plane crash 
Feb 1981 Maruti Udyog set up 
Feb 1982 Datta Samant leads Bombay's 300,000 textile workers on strike 
Dec 1982 The Ninth Asian games held in Delhi 
25 June 1983 India wins the Cricket World Cup 
6 Oct 1983 Indira Gandhi imposes President's rule on Punjab 
Oct 1983 Government nationalises 13 textile mills in Bombay 
5 June 1984 Operation Blue Star: Indian army storms Golden Temple in Amritsar, killing hundreds of people 
31 Oct 1984 Indira Gandhi assassinated in Delhi; Rajiv Gandhi sworn in as Prime Minister 
2 Dec 1984 India's biggest Industrial disaster: Bhopal gas tragedy 
24-28 Dec 1984 Eighth General Election: Congress wins 
1985 Narmada Bachao Andolan 
July 1985 Rajiv Gandhi signs Punjab Accord 
Oct 1986 V.P.Singh elected as President of Janata Dal, a new opposition party 
May 1987 The Bofors Deal 
Nov 1987 IPKF deployment and Operation Pawan 
April 1988 Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) comes into existence 
July 1988 Insat-IC launched 
22 Aug 1988 The Darjeeling Accord 
22-26 Nov 1989 Ninth General Election: Congress loses; V.P. Singh becomes Prime Minister 
1990 Mandal Commission Report 
May 1991 V P Singh clears Rs 13,000 crore Sardar Sarovar project 
21 May 1991 Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by LTTE 
20 May - 15 June'91 Tenth General Election: Congress wins; Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister; Liberalisation initiated by Finance Minister Dr Manmohan Singh 
Sep 1991 Konkan Railway launched 
Jan 1992 Prices of steel and iron decontrolled 
April 1992 Stock market scandal causes losses to banks 
July 1992 Government allows private producers time slots on TV and Radio 
6 Dec 1992 Demolition of Babri Masjid 
Jan 1993 Hindu-Muslim Riots in Bombay 
Feb 1993 Rupee made convertible on trade account 
March 1993 Over 300 people killed in bomb blasts 
April 1993 Motor cars and consumer goods delicensed 
30 Sep 1993 The Latur earthquake 
Jan 1994 Air India and Indian Airlines converted into companies 
May 1994 Telecom services sector opened to private companies 
21 Sep 1994 Outbreak of Pneumonic Plague in Surat 
March 1995 Lok Sabha passes the Patents Bill 
July 1995 Rajan Pillai dies in Delhi jail 
Jan 1996 Revised carry forward system introduced 
27 Jan 1996 Prithvi test-fired 
29 Feb 1996 Jain Hawala case 
27 April - 21 May'96 Eleventh General Election; BJP's Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes Prime Minister 
June 1996 BJP loses confidence vote; Deve Gowda takes over as Prime Minister of United Front coalition government 
Jan 1997 Veteran labour leader Datta Samant shot dead 
30 March 1997 Congress withdraws support to UF government 
21 April 1997 I.K.Gujral appointed Prime Minister 
15 Aug 1997 Nation celebrates 50 years of Independence 
5 Sep 1997 Mother Teresa dies 
14 Oct 1997 Arunadati Roy wins Booker Prize 
7 Nov 1997 Bimal Jalan is the new Reserve Bank of India governor; C Rangarajan becomes Andhra governor 
27 Nov 1997 Femina Miss India Diana Hayden wins Miss World 1997 
28 Nov 1997 Gujral government falls as Congress withdraws support 
29 Dec 1997 Sonia Gandhi stepped into active politics 
14 Jan 1998 MS Subbualakshmi awarded Bharat Ratna 
15 Feb 1998 Tennis duo Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupati were ranked No. 2 when they won Dubai Open 
9 Mar 1998 Chess legend Vishwanathan Anand wins teh Super Grand Master Title 
19 Mar 1998 BJP-led alliance government is sworn in. Atal Behari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister of India 
28 Mar 1998 The BJP-led alliance survived its first test of trust, with the support of Chandrababu Naidu's Telugu Desam Party. Jayalalitha continues to call the shots. 
11 May 1998 India conducted three underground Nuclear tests at teh Pokhran Range in Rajasthan 
1 June 1998 Finance Minister announced the Swadeshi budget 
9 June 1998 Gujarat was hit by cyclone killing 1000 people in six days 
29 June 1998 Three new states were announced -- Delhi, Uttaranchal and Vananchal 
22 July 1998 24-year old PT Usha won bronze medal in the 400m and 200m anchored the 4x100m relay team to gold and 4x400m for silver at the Asian Track and Field Championships in Fukuoka, Japan 
6 Aug 1998 SriKrishna Commission report was tabled by teh Maharashtra government. It was rejected by the ruling alliance whom it heavily indicted. 


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